- Nadish Garg, MD, FASE, FACC
- Phone: 832-328-8551
- Mon-Fri (8:30am - 5pm)
- Patient Portal
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is a common and potentially serious heart rhythm disorder in which the heart's two upper chambers (the atria) beat irregularly and often at a rapid rate. Instead of a coordinated contraction, the atria quiver (fibrillate), leading to ineffective pumping of blood into the lower chambers (the ventricles). As a result, blood may pool in the atria, increasing the risk of blood clots, stroke, and other complications.
Types of Atrial Fibrillation:
- Paroxysmal AFib: In this type, the irregular heart rhythm starts suddenly and resolves on its own within 7 days, usually within 24 hours.
- Persistent AFib: This type lasts longer than 7 days and does not resolve on its own. Medical intervention is usually required to restore normal heart rhythm.
- Long-standing Persistent AFib: In this type, the irregular rhythm lasts for more than 12 months.
- Permanent AFib: In permanent AFib, the decision is made not to try to restore a normal heart rhythm, and the patient remains in AFib.
Causes and Risk Factors:
The exact cause of atrial fibrillation may vary among individuals, but several factors can contribute to its development:
- Age: AFib becomes more common with age, especially in individuals over 60.
- High blood pressure (hypertension): Elevated blood pressure can strain the heart and increase the risk of developing AFib.
- Heart conditions: Conditions such as heart valve problems, heart failure, congenital heart defects, and a history of heart attacks can increase the risk of AFib.
- Chronic conditions: Diabetes, thyroid disorders, sleep apnea, and obesity are associated with an increased risk of AFib.
- Alcohol and stimulants: Excessive alcohol or stimulant use (e.g., caffeine, certain medications) may trigger AFib in some individuals.
Symptoms:
Some people with atrial fibrillation may not experience noticeable symptoms, while others may have:
- Irregular or rapid heartbeat (palpitations)
- Fatigue or weakness
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Chest pain or discomfort
Complications:
Atrial fibrillation can lead to several serious complications, including:
- Stroke: The irregular heart rhythm can cause blood clots to form in the atria, which can then travel to the brain and cause a stroke.
- Heart failure: The ineffective pumping of blood by the atria may lead to heart failure over time.
- Blood clots in other parts of the body: Blood clots can also form in other areas, leading to issues such as pulmonary embolism.
Treatment:
The treatment of atrial fibrillation depends on the type, severity, and individual factors. Treatment goals typically include:
- Restoring normal heart rhythm: This can be done through medications or procedures such as cardioversion or catheter ablation.
- Controlling heart rate: Medications can be used to slow down the heart rate in AFib.
- Preventing blood clots: Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) are often prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clots and stroke.
- Managing underlying conditions: Treating any underlying heart or medical conditions that contribute to AFib is essential.
- Lifestyle changes: Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, limiting alcohol and caffeine intake, and managing stress, can be beneficial.
If you suspect you have atrial fibrillation or are experiencing symptoms of an irregular heartbeat, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. A healthcare professional can diagnose AFib through various tests, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan based on individual circumstances. Early detection and management of atrial fibrillation can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve overall heart health.